{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:embedded-charger",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Embedded charger",
    "properties": {
      "id": "embedded-charger",
      "name": "Embedded charger",
      "aka": [
        "in-pack charger",
        "integrated charger",
        "charger IC"
      ],
      "section": "topic-charging",
      "definition": "A charging circuit built into the battery pack, so that the pack accepts raw power — a wall adapter, a car socket, USB — and applies the right profile for its own chemistry. One host can then take NiMH, lithium-ion or primary packs interchangeably; the costs are extra heat beside the cells and electronics discarded with the pack.",
      "related": [
        "charger",
        "cc-cv-charging",
        "power-path-management",
        "smart-battery-system"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/embedded-charger/",
      "mentions": [
        "nickel-metal-hydride"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:belongsTo/term:embedded-charger/topic:topic-charging",
      "source": "term:embedded-charger",
      "target": "topic:topic-charging",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:embedded-charger/term:charger",
      "source": "term:embedded-charger",
      "target": "term:charger",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:embedded-charger/term:cc-cv-charging",
      "source": "term:embedded-charger",
      "target": "term:cc-cv-charging",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:embedded-charger/term:power-path-management",
      "source": "term:embedded-charger",
      "target": "term:power-path-management",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:embedded-charger/term:smart-battery-system",
      "source": "term:embedded-charger",
      "target": "term:smart-battery-system",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/embedded-charger/nickel-metal-hydride",
      "source": "term:embedded-charger",
      "target": "term:nickel-metal-hydride",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-charging",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Charging and discharging",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-charging",
        "name": "Charging and discharging",
        "lede": "How current goes in and comes out, and the limits that stop it.",
        "context": "Separate regulation from availability.",
        "example": "The same CC–CV law can operate overnight or during a short depot stop.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/",
        "lesson_label": "Open charging quantities"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:charger",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Charger",
      "properties": {
        "id": "charger",
        "name": "Charger",
        "section": "topic-charging",
        "definition": "The power electronics that convert mains or DC supply into the controlled current and voltage a battery needs. For lithium-ion it runs the CC-CV profile within the limits the BMS communicates, and stops rather than floats when the cell is full.",
        "related": [
          "cc-cv-charging",
          "bms",
          "onboard-charger",
          "dc-fast-charging"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/charger/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:cc-cv-charging",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "CC-CV charging",
      "properties": {
        "id": "cc-cv-charging",
        "name": "CC-CV charging",
        "aka": [
          "constant current constant voltage"
        ],
        "section": "topic-charging",
        "definition": "The standard lithium-ion charge protocol: constant current until the cell reaches its upper cutoff voltage, then that voltage held constant while the current tapers. The charge ends when the current falls to a set fraction, often C/20.",
        "related": [
          "constant-current",
          "constant-voltage",
          "cutoff-voltage",
          "taper-current",
          "fast-charging",
          "cp-cv"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/#real-cells",
        "example": {
          "title": "Follow a two-stage charge",
          "text": "For an illustrative 5 Ah cell, a 2.5 A current request is 0.5C. During CC the voltage rises. At the selected upper voltage, CV regulation holds voltage while current tapers. Completion requires the taper current to fall below the selected cutoff for the configured dwell."
        },
        "notes": [
          "Choose voltage, current and temperature limits from the actual cell specification. These example values do not define a charging recipe."
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/cc-cv-charging/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:power-path-management",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Power-path management",
      "properties": {
        "id": "power-path-management",
        "name": "Power-path management",
        "aka": [
          "power path",
          "ideal diode",
          "load sharing",
          "system output power",
          "instant-on"
        ],
        "section": "topic-pack",
        "definition": "Circuitry that routes power between an external supply, the battery and the system load, so the device runs from the supply while the battery charges, draws on the battery when the supply sags or fails, and adds battery current during peaks. An ideal-diode switch — a MOSFET driven to behave as a near-lossless diode — makes the changeover seamless.",
        "related": [
          "charger",
          "embedded-charger",
          "mosfet",
          "uninterruptible-power-supply"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/power-path-management/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:smart-battery-system",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Smart Battery System",
      "properties": {
        "id": "smart-battery-system",
        "name": "Smart Battery System",
        "abbr": "SBS",
        "aka": [
          "Smart Battery Data specification",
          "SBData",
          "smart battery",
          "smart battery charger"
        ],
        "section": "topic-pack",
        "definition": "A set of open specifications from the mid-1990s, begun by Duracell and Intel, under which a battery reports its own state over SMBus to the host and to a smart charger. The Smart Battery Data specification fixes the registers — voltage, current, remaining capacity, cycle count, requested charge current — so any compliant charger serves any compliant pack.",
        "related": [
          "smbus",
          "fuel-gauge",
          "charger",
          "state-of-charge",
          "consumer-electronics"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/smart-battery-system/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:nickel-metal-hydride",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Nickel–metal hydride battery",
      "properties": {
        "id": "nickel-metal-hydride",
        "name": "Nickel–metal hydride battery",
        "abbr": "NiMH",
        "section": "topic-other-chemistries",
        "definition": "A 1.2 V aqueous cell with a nickel hydroxide positive electrode and a hydrogen-absorbing alloy negative. It powered hybrid cars for two decades and is tolerant of abuse, but lithium-ion stores two to three times more energy per kilogram.",
        "related": [
          "hybrid-vehicle",
          "memory-effect",
          "specific-energy",
          "bipolar-battery",
          "nickel-hydrogen",
          "lsd-nimh"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/nickel-metal-hydride/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "positive-electrode"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}