{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:iec-61951",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "IEC 61951",
    "properties": {
      "id": "iec-61951",
      "name": "IEC 61951",
      "aka": [
        "IEC 61951-1",
        "IEC 61951-2",
        "IEC 61436",
        "IEC 61808"
      ],
      "section": "topic-standards-stationary",
      "definition": "The IEC performance standard for portable sealed nickel cells and batteries: part 1 for nickel–cadmium, part 2 for nickel–metal hydride, which in 2003 absorbed the older IEC 61436 and IEC 61808. It covers designation, dimensions, rated capacity, charge retention and endurance; the 2017 edition of part 2 added a type for low self-discharge cells. Their safety is in IEC 62133-1.",
      "related": [
        "nickel-metal-hydride",
        "nickel-cadmium",
        "lsd-nimh",
        "iec-62133"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/iec-61951/",
      "mentions": [
        "nominal-capacity",
        "self-discharge"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
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      "id": "edge:belongsTo/term:iec-61951/topic:topic-standards-stationary",
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      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
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    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:iec-61951/term:nickel-metal-hydride",
      "source": "term:iec-61951",
      "target": "term:nickel-metal-hydride",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:iec-61951/term:nickel-cadmium",
      "source": "term:iec-61951",
      "target": "term:nickel-cadmium",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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    },
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      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:iec-61951/term:lsd-nimh",
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      "target": "term:lsd-nimh",
      "type": "relatedTo",
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      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:iec-61951/term:iec-62133",
      "source": "term:iec-61951",
      "target": "term:iec-62133",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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      "id": "edge:mentions/iec-61951/nominal-capacity",
      "source": "term:iec-61951",
      "target": "term:nominal-capacity",
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        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
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  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-standards-stationary",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Stationary, industrial and product standards",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-standards-stationary",
        "name": "Stationary, industrial and product standards",
        "lede": "Safety and performance standards for portable, industrial and grid batteries, their electronics and their installation.",
        "context": "Match scope to product and installation.",
        "example": "A cell-level test does not establish fire performance or commissioning requirements for a complete installation.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/battery-basics/",
        "lesson_label": "Open battery basics"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:nickel-metal-hydride",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Nickel–metal hydride battery",
      "properties": {
        "id": "nickel-metal-hydride",
        "name": "Nickel–metal hydride battery",
        "abbr": "NiMH",
        "section": "topic-other-chemistries",
        "definition": "A 1.2 V aqueous cell with a nickel hydroxide positive electrode and a hydrogen-absorbing alloy negative. It powered hybrid cars for two decades and is tolerant of abuse, but lithium-ion stores two to three times more energy per kilogram.",
        "related": [
          "hybrid-vehicle",
          "memory-effect",
          "specific-energy",
          "bipolar-battery",
          "nickel-hydrogen",
          "lsd-nimh"
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        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "positive-electrode"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:nickel-cadmium",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Nickel–cadmium battery",
      "properties": {
        "id": "nickel-cadmium",
        "name": "Nickel–cadmium battery",
        "abbr": "NiCd",
        "aka": [
          "NiCad",
          "Ni–Cd"
        ],
        "section": "topic-other-chemistries",
        "definition": "A 1.2 V aqueous cell, rugged and able to deliver very high currents, but containing toxic cadmium and prone to the memory effect. It is now restricted in most consumer uses and survives in aviation and emergency lighting.",
        "related": [
          "memory-effect",
          "nickel-metal-hydride",
          "recycling",
          "reconditioning",
          "iec-61951"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/nickel-cadmium/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:lsd-nimh",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Low self-discharge NiMH",
      "properties": {
        "id": "lsd-nimh",
        "name": "Low self-discharge NiMH",
        "abbr": "LSD NiMH",
        "aka": [
          "pre-charged NiMH",
          "ready-to-use NiMH",
          "hybrid NiMH"
        ],
        "section": "topic-other-chemistries",
        "definition": "Nickel–metal hydride cells with an improved separator and hydrogen-storage alloy that keep roughly 70–85 % of their charge after a year, where standard NiMH can lose that much in a few months. They are sold charged and ready to use, at the cost of somewhat lower capacity, and since their launch in 2005 have become most of the NiMH market.",
        "related": [
          "nickel-metal-hydride",
          "self-discharge",
          "refresh-charge",
          "iec-61951"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/lsd-nimh/",
        "mentions": [
          "separator"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:iec-62133",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "IEC 62133",
      "properties": {
        "id": "iec-62133",
        "name": "IEC 62133",
        "aka": [
          "IEC 62133-1",
          "IEC 62133-2",
          "EN 62133",
          "UL 62133"
        ],
        "section": "topic-standards-stationary",
        "definition": "The safety standard for portable sealed cells and batteries, part 2 covering lithium systems. Passing it is a basic requirement for consumer products, and it is often the first safety certification a new cell obtains.",
        "related": [
          "ul-1642",
          "transport-regulations",
          "consumer-electronics",
          "iec-62619",
          "iec-61960-3",
          "cb-scheme"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/iec-62133/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:nominal-capacity",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Nominal capacity",
      "properties": {
        "id": "nominal-capacity",
        "name": "Nominal capacity",
        "aka": [
          "rated capacity"
        ],
        "section": "topic-ratings",
        "definition": "The charge a cell is rated to deliver under specified test conditions — current, temperature, rest and voltage limits — usually in ampere-hours.",
        "unit": "Ah",
        "related": [
          "ampere-hour",
          "c-rate",
          "capacity-test",
          "usable-capacity",
          "state-of-health"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/#nominal-capacity",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/nominal-capacity/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:self-discharge",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Self-discharge",
      "properties": {
        "id": "self-discharge",
        "name": "Self-discharge",
        "section": "topic-charging",
        "definition": "The slow loss of stored charge while a cell is not in use. An unexpected rise can signal a leakage path or a soft internal short.",
        "unit": "%/month",
        "related": [
          "internal-short-circuit",
          "calendar-aging",
          "k-value",
          "calendar-life",
          "self-discharge-test"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/battery-aging/#check-yourself",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/self-discharge/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrolyte-leakage"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}