{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:intrinsic-safety",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Intrinsic safety",
    "properties": {
      "id": "intrinsic-safety",
      "name": "Intrinsic safety",
      "aka": [
        "intrinsically safe battery",
        "Ex i",
        "Ex ia",
        "IEC 60079-11"
      ],
      "section": "topic-safety",
      "definition": "Protection of equipment used in explosive gas or dust by limiting electrical and thermal energy, so that neither a spark nor a hot surface can ignite the atmosphere even with faults present. Under IEC 60079-11, Ex ia tolerates two faults and is allowed in Zone 0. The battery is the hardest part: its short-circuit current and surface temperature must stay below ignition limits.",
      "related": [
        "atex-iecex",
        "encapsulation",
        "short-circuit-test",
        "lithium-thionyl-chloride"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/intrinsic-safety/",
      "mentions": []
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:belongsTo/term:intrinsic-safety/topic:topic-safety",
      "source": "term:intrinsic-safety",
      "target": "topic:topic-safety",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:intrinsic-safety/term:atex-iecex",
      "source": "term:intrinsic-safety",
      "target": "term:atex-iecex",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:intrinsic-safety/term:encapsulation",
      "source": "term:intrinsic-safety",
      "target": "term:encapsulation",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:intrinsic-safety/term:short-circuit-test",
      "source": "term:intrinsic-safety",
      "target": "term:short-circuit-test",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:intrinsic-safety/term:lithium-thionyl-chloride",
      "source": "term:intrinsic-safety",
      "target": "term:lithium-thionyl-chloride",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-safety",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Safety and abuse",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-safety",
        "name": "Safety and abuse",
        "lede": "How cells fail dangerously, how that is tested, and what is built in to stop it.",
        "context": "Connect mechanisms with appropriate test evidence.",
        "example": "A low normal-load temperature does not demonstrate thermal-runaway containment.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/battery-aging/",
        "lesson_label": "Open degradation mechanisms"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:atex-iecex",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "ATEX and IECEx",
      "properties": {
        "id": "atex-iecex",
        "name": "ATEX and IECEx",
        "aka": [
          "ATEX",
          "IECEx",
          "Directive 2014/34/EU",
          "IEC 60079"
        ],
        "section": "topic-standards-stationary",
        "definition": "The two certification routes for equipment used in explosive atmospheres. ATEX is EU law, Directive 2014/34/EU, mandatory across the European Economic Area; IECEx is the IEC’s voluntary international scheme. Both test to the IEC 60079 series and share the Ex marking, and a battery-powered device is certified together with its specific battery.",
        "related": [
          "intrinsic-safety",
          "iec",
          "conformity-assessment",
          "lithium-thionyl-chloride"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/atex-iecex/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:encapsulation",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Encapsulation",
      "properties": {
        "id": "encapsulation",
        "name": "Encapsulation",
        "aka": [
          "overmoulding",
          "low-pressure moulding",
          "cast encapsulation"
        ],
        "section": "topic-pack",
        "definition": "Casting resin around a pack or circuit in a mould that is removed once the resin cures, so that the cured resin itself becomes the outer case. Unlike potting, which fills a housing that stays, it needs no separate enclosure; casting under vacuum removes air voids. Both seal against water and vibration, and both make a pack hard to repair or recycle.",
        "related": [
          "potting-compound",
          "enclosure",
          "ip-rating",
          "intrinsic-safety"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/encapsulation/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:short-circuit-test",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "External short-circuit test",
      "properties": {
        "id": "short-circuit-test",
        "name": "External short-circuit test",
        "section": "topic-safety",
        "definition": "Connecting a charged cell’s terminals through a resistance of a few milliohms and recording temperature and outcome. The result depends as much on the cell’s own resistance and its protective devices as on its chemistry.",
        "related": [
          "external-short-circuit",
          "abuse-testing",
          "ptc",
          "fuse"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/short-circuit-test/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:lithium-thionyl-chloride",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Lithium–thionyl chloride cell",
      "properties": {
        "id": "lithium-thionyl-chloride",
        "name": "Lithium–thionyl chloride cell",
        "abbr": "Li–SOCl₂",
        "aka": [
          "ER cell",
          "lithium thionyl chloride"
        ],
        "section": "topic-other-chemistries",
        "definition": "A 3.6 V primary cell in which liquid thionyl chloride is both the electrolyte solvent and the positive reactant, reduced on a porous carbon electrode. A protective lithium chloride film keeps self-discharge around 1 % a year, so cells run utility meters and trackers for 10–20 years, but it also causes a voltage delay when a load is first applied.",
        "related": [
          "primary-cell",
          "passivation",
          "self-discharge",
          "lithium-manganese-dioxide",
          "lithium-carbon-monofluoride"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/lithium-thionyl-chloride/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "electrolyte",
          "voltage-delay"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}