{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:li-ion-cell-designation",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Lithium-ion cell designation",
    "properties": {
      "id": "li-ion-cell-designation",
      "name": "Lithium-ion cell designation",
      "aka": [
        "IEC 61960 designation",
        "INR18650",
        "ICR18650",
        "IMR",
        "cell type code"
      ],
      "section": "topic-chemistries",
      "definition": "The code IEC 61960-3 gives a portable lithium secondary cell: three letters, then its dimensions. The first letter names the negative electrode — I for carbon, L for lithium metal — the second the positive, such as C cobalt, N nickel, M manganese or Fp iron phosphate, and the third the shape, R round or P prismatic. INR18650 is a nickel-based cell 18 mm across and 65 mm long.",
      "related": [
        "cylindrical-cell",
        "iec-61960-3",
        "lco",
        "nmc",
        "iec-battery-designation",
        "prismatic-cell"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/li-ion-cell-designation/",
      "mentions": [
        "electrode",
        "negative-electrode",
        "secondary-cell",
        "cobalt",
        "manganese"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:belongsTo/term:li-ion-cell-designation/topic:topic-chemistries",
      "source": "term:li-ion-cell-designation",
      "target": "topic:topic-chemistries",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:li-ion-cell-designation/term:cylindrical-cell",
      "source": "term:li-ion-cell-designation",
      "target": "term:cylindrical-cell",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:li-ion-cell-designation/term:iec-61960-3",
      "source": "term:li-ion-cell-designation",
      "target": "term:iec-61960-3",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:li-ion-cell-designation/term:lco",
      "source": "term:li-ion-cell-designation",
      "target": "term:lco",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:li-ion-cell-designation/term:nmc",
      "source": "term:li-ion-cell-designation",
      "target": "term:nmc",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:li-ion-cell-designation/term:iec-battery-designation",
      "source": "term:li-ion-cell-designation",
      "target": "term:iec-battery-designation",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:li-ion-cell-designation/term:prismatic-cell",
      "source": "term:li-ion-cell-designation",
      "target": "term:prismatic-cell",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/li-ion-cell-designation/electrode",
      "source": "term:li-ion-cell-designation",
      "target": "term:electrode",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/li-ion-cell-designation/negative-electrode",
      "source": "term:li-ion-cell-designation",
      "target": "term:negative-electrode",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/li-ion-cell-designation/secondary-cell",
      "source": "term:li-ion-cell-designation",
      "target": "term:secondary-cell",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/li-ion-cell-designation/cobalt",
      "source": "term:li-ion-cell-designation",
      "target": "term:cobalt",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/li-ion-cell-designation/manganese",
      "source": "term:li-ion-cell-designation",
      "target": "term:manganese",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-chemistries",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Lithium-ion chemistries and cell formats",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-chemistries",
        "name": "Lithium-ion chemistries and cell formats",
        "lede": "The electrode materials that define a lithium-ion cell, the crystal structures behind them, and the shapes cells are built in.",
        "context": "Separate chemistry from form factor.",
        "example": "Two cylindrical cells can share dimensions yet differ in cathode, capacity and current limits.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-architecture/",
        "lesson_label": "Open cell architecture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:cylindrical-cell",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Cylindrical cell",
      "properties": {
        "id": "cylindrical-cell",
        "name": "Cylindrical cell",
        "aka": [
          "18650",
          "21700",
          "4680"
        ],
        "section": "topic-chemistries",
        "definition": "A cell made by winding the electrodes into a jelly roll and sealing it in a round metal can. Sizes are named by their dimensions: a 21700 cell is 21 mm across and 70 mm long.",
        "related": [
          "jelly-roll",
          "can",
          "tabless-design",
          "prismatic-cell",
          "pouch-cell",
          "centre-pin"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-production/#formats",
        "example": {
          "title": "Shape versus ratings",
          "text": "A cylindrical shape does not supply the model’s capacity, resistance or voltage limits; those belong to the actual cell."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/cylindrical-cell/",
        "mentions": [
          "winding"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:iec-61960-3",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "IEC 61960-3",
      "properties": {
        "id": "iec-61960-3",
        "name": "IEC 61960-3",
        "aka": [
          "IEC 61960",
          "EN 61960-3"
        ],
        "section": "topic-standards-stationary",
        "definition": "The IEC performance standard for portable lithium secondary cells and batteries, cylindrical and prismatic, published in 2017 to replace IEC 61960 of 2011. It sets how rated capacity, low-temperature and high-rate discharge, cycle life and charge retention are measured and declared, and defines the cell designation code; IEC 62133-2 is its safety counterpart.",
        "related": [
          "li-ion-cell-designation",
          "iec-62133",
          "nominal-capacity",
          "cycle-life",
          "iec-62620"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/iec-61960-3/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:lco",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "LCO",
      "properties": {
        "id": "lco",
        "name": "LCO",
        "aka": [
          "lithium cobalt oxide",
          "LiCoO₂"
        ],
        "section": "topic-chemistries",
        "definition": "The original lithium-ion positive material, LiCoO₂, still used in phones and laptops for its high volumetric energy density. Cobalt cost and limited thermal stability keep it out of vehicles.",
        "related": [
          "cobalt",
          "nmc",
          "cathode-active-material",
          "consumer-electronics"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/lco/",
        "mentions": [
          "energy-density"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:nmc",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "NMC",
      "properties": {
        "id": "nmc",
        "name": "NMC",
        "aka": [
          "NCM",
          "nickel manganese cobalt oxide",
          "LiNiMnCoO₂"
        ],
        "section": "topic-chemistries",
        "definition": "A family of layered-oxide positive electrode materials, LiNiₓMnᵧCo₁₋ₓ₋ᵧO₂, used in many electric-vehicle cells. Variants are named by their metal ratio: NMC811 has eight parts nickel to one each of manganese and cobalt.",
        "related": [
          "cathode-active-material",
          "high-nickel",
          "nca",
          "lfp",
          "cobalt"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#components",
        "example": {
          "title": "Read the composition label",
          "text": "NMC811 denotes nominal nickel:manganese:cobalt proportions of 8:1:1 in the transition-metal component, not 80% nickel by whole-cell mass."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/nmc/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "positive-electrode",
          "manganese"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:iec-battery-designation",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "IEC battery designation",
      "properties": {
        "id": "iec-battery-designation",
        "name": "IEC battery designation",
        "aka": [
          "IEC 60086 code",
          "battery size code",
          "LR6",
          "AA",
          "AAA",
          "6LR61"
        ],
        "section": "topic-other-chemistries",
        "definition": "The code IEC 60086 gives a primary battery: a letter for the chemistry, a letter for the shape, then a size code. No letter means zinc–carbon, L alkaline, C lithium–manganese dioxide, F lithium–iron disulfide, S silver oxide and P zinc–air; R means round. So LR6 is an alkaline AA, R03 a zinc–carbon AAA and 6LR61 six alkaline cells forming a 9 V block.",
        "related": [
          "alkaline-cell",
          "zinc-carbon",
          "lithium-manganese-dioxide",
          "coin-cell",
          "iec-60086",
          "li-ion-cell-designation"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/iec-battery-designation/",
        "mentions": [
          "primary-cell",
          "manganese"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:prismatic-cell",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Prismatic cell",
      "properties": {
        "id": "prismatic-cell",
        "name": "Prismatic cell",
        "section": "topic-chemistries",
        "definition": "A cell in a rigid rectangular metal case, holding either a flattened jelly roll or stacked sheets. Large prismatic cells pack tightly into battery packs. Large prismatic cells are often named by thickness, width and height in millimetres, so a 71173207 cell is about 71 × 173 × 207 mm.",
        "related": [
          "can",
          "jelly-roll",
          "stacking",
          "cylindrical-cell",
          "pouch-cell"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-production/#formats",
        "example": {
          "title": "Geometry is one constraint",
          "text": "Two rectangular cells can fit similar spaces but use different terminals and electrical ratings."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/prismatic-cell/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:electrode",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electrode",
      "properties": {
        "id": "electrode",
        "name": "Electrode",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "A solid conductor where the cell’s reaction happens, in contact with the electrolyte. A lithium-ion cell has a negative electrode and a positive electrode, each a porous coating on a metal foil.",
        "related": [
          "negative-electrode",
          "positive-electrode",
          "porous-electrode",
          "current-collector"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#components",
        "example": {
          "title": "Two transport paths",
          "text": "Electrons need connected solid paths to the collector; ions need electrolyte paths to reaction sites. More of one constituent displaces others at fixed volume."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electrode/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrolyte",
          "coating"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:negative-electrode",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Negative electrode",
      "properties": {
        "id": "negative-electrode",
        "name": "Negative electrode",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "The electrode at the lower potential, usually graphite on copper foil in a lithium-ion cell. It holds the lithium when the cell is charged and releases it on discharge, and industry calls it the anode.",
        "related": [
          "anode",
          "graphite",
          "positive-electrode",
          "copper-foil"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#anode-cathode",
        "example": {
          "title": "Keep the polarity name",
          "text": "Graphite remains the negative electrode during charge and discharge, while the anode/cathode reaction labels change with operating direction."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/negative-electrode/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:secondary-cell",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Secondary cell",
      "properties": {
        "id": "secondary-cell",
        "name": "Secondary cell",
        "aka": [
          "rechargeable battery",
          "secondary battery"
        ],
        "section": "topic-other-chemistries",
        "definition": "A cell whose reaction runs in both directions, so it can be recharged by driving current back into it. Lithium-ion, lead–acid and nickel–metal hydride are all secondary chemistries.",
        "related": [
          "primary-cell",
          "cycle",
          "lithium-ion"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/secondary-cell/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:cobalt",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Cobalt",
      "properties": {
        "id": "cobalt",
        "name": "Cobalt",
        "section": "topic-sustainability",
        "definition": "The metal that stabilises layered-oxide cathodes, mined largely in the Democratic Republic of Congo under scrutiny for working conditions. Its price and ethics have driven the industry from LCO and NMC111 towards high-nickel and cobalt-free LFP.",
        "related": [
          "nmc",
          "lco",
          "high-nickel",
          "critical-raw-materials",
          "due-diligence"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/cobalt/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:manganese",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Manganese",
      "properties": {
        "id": "manganese",
        "name": "Manganese",
        "aka": [
          "manganese sulfate",
          "high-purity manganese sulfate",
          "HPMSM"
        ],
        "section": "topic-sustainability",
        "definition": "A cheap, abundant metal used in NMC, LMO and LMFP positive electrodes and in alkaline cells. Ore comes mostly from South Africa, Gabon and Australia, but about 95 % of battery-grade high-purity manganese sulfate was refined in China in 2024, which puts manganese on critical-raw-material lists despite plentiful reserves.",
        "related": [
          "nmc",
          "lmo",
          "lmfp",
          "critical-raw-materials",
          "cobalt",
          "nickel-sulfate"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/manganese/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    }
  ]
}