{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:medical-device-batteries",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Medical device batteries",
    "properties": {
      "id": "medical-device-batteries",
      "name": "Medical device batteries",
      "aka": [
        "implantable battery",
        "medical battery pack"
      ],
      "section": "topic-applications",
      "definition": "Batteries for devices from infusion pumps and portable monitors to pacemakers. External equipment uses rechargeable packs tested to IEC 62133 and approved as part of the device under IEC 60601-1, built under ISO 13485 with full traceability; implants use hermetic primary cells such as lithium–iodine and lithium–silver vanadium oxide, chosen for years of predictable life.",
      "related": [
        "iec-60601-1",
        "iso-13485",
        "lithium-iodine-cell",
        "lithium-silver-vanadium-oxide",
        "iec-62133",
        "traceability"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/medical-device-batteries/",
      "mentions": []
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:belongsTo/term:medical-device-batteries/topic:topic-applications",
      "source": "term:medical-device-batteries",
      "target": "topic:topic-applications",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:medical-device-batteries/term:iec-60601-1",
      "source": "term:medical-device-batteries",
      "target": "term:iec-60601-1",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:medical-device-batteries/term:iso-13485",
      "source": "term:medical-device-batteries",
      "target": "term:iso-13485",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:medical-device-batteries/term:lithium-iodine-cell",
      "source": "term:medical-device-batteries",
      "target": "term:lithium-iodine-cell",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:medical-device-batteries/term:lithium-silver-vanadium-oxide",
      "source": "term:medical-device-batteries",
      "target": "term:lithium-silver-vanadium-oxide",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:medical-device-batteries/term:iec-62133",
      "source": "term:medical-device-batteries",
      "target": "term:iec-62133",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:medical-device-batteries/term:traceability",
      "source": "term:medical-device-batteries",
      "target": "term:traceability",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-applications",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Applications and market",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-applications",
        "name": "Applications and market",
        "lede": "Where batteries are used, and the terms used to buy, size and compare them.",
        "context": "Start with mission energy, peak power and operating conditions.",
        "example": "20 kWh total energy and a ten-second 100 kW peak constrain different design aspects.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/",
        "lesson_label": "Open energy and power"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:iec-60601-1",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "IEC 60601-1",
      "properties": {
        "id": "iec-60601-1",
        "name": "IEC 60601-1",
        "aka": [
          "ANSI/AAMI ES60601-1",
          "EN 60601-1",
          "medical electrical equipment standard"
        ],
        "section": "topic-standards-stationary",
        "definition": "The general safety standard for medical electrical equipment, adopted in the US as ANSI/AAMI ES60601-1. It treats the battery as part of the device: clause 15.4.3 covers battery housings and venting, connection, protection against overcharge and excessive current, and requires lithium batteries to meet IEC 62133 or, for primaries, IEC 60086-4.",
        "related": [
          "medical-device-batteries",
          "iec-62133",
          "iec-60086",
          "iso-13485"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/iec-60601-1/",
        "mentions": [
          "overcharge"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:iso-13485",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "ISO 13485",
      "properties": {
        "id": "iso-13485",
        "name": "ISO 13485",
        "aka": [
          "ISO 13485:2016",
          "medical device quality management"
        ],
        "section": "topic-standards-stationary",
        "definition": "The quality-management standard for designing and making medical devices, current edition 2016. Built on ISO 9001 but stricter on risk management, design control, supplier control and traceability of every component and lot, it is what battery-pack makers supplying medical manufacturers are expected to hold; the US FDA’s quality rule has incorporated it since 2026.",
        "related": [
          "iso-management-systems",
          "medical-device-batteries",
          "iec-60601-1",
          "traceability"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/iso-13485/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:lithium-iodine-cell",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Lithium–iodine cell",
      "properties": {
        "id": "lithium-iodine-cell",
        "name": "Lithium–iodine cell",
        "abbr": "Li–I₂",
        "aka": [
          "lithium iodine",
          "pacemaker battery"
        ],
        "section": "topic-other-chemistries",
        "definition": "A 2.8 V solid-state primary cell in which a lithium anode meets an iodine–polymer cathode, and the lithium iodide that forms between them is both electrolyte and separator. It supplies only microamperes, but nothing gasses, so it can be sealed hermetically and last a decade or more; it has powered most cardiac pacemakers since the 1970s.",
        "related": [
          "primary-cell",
          "solid-electrolyte",
          "medical-device-batteries",
          "lithium-silver-vanadium-oxide",
          "lithium-metal-anode"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/lithium-iodine-cell/",
        "mentions": [
          "anode",
          "cathode",
          "separator",
          "electrolyte"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:lithium-silver-vanadium-oxide",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Lithium–silver vanadium oxide cell",
      "properties": {
        "id": "lithium-silver-vanadium-oxide",
        "name": "Lithium–silver vanadium oxide cell",
        "abbr": "Li/SVO",
        "aka": [
          "SVO",
          "silver vanadium oxide",
          "defibrillator battery",
          "ICD battery"
        ],
        "section": "topic-other-chemistries",
        "definition": "The primary cell inside most implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: a lithium anode against silver vanadium oxide, Ag₂V₄O₁₁, in a liquid electrolyte. It idles for years at microamperes, then delivers pulses of one to three amperes for seconds to charge the shock capacitor, and its sloping discharge curve lets the device predict replacement. Newer designs blend in CFx for energy.",
        "related": [
          "primary-cell",
          "lithium-carbon-monofluoride",
          "medical-device-batteries",
          "lithium-iodine-cell"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/lithium-silver-vanadium-oxide/",
        "mentions": [
          "anode",
          "electrolyte",
          "discharge-curve",
          "capacitor"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:iec-62133",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "IEC 62133",
      "properties": {
        "id": "iec-62133",
        "name": "IEC 62133",
        "aka": [
          "IEC 62133-1",
          "IEC 62133-2",
          "EN 62133",
          "UL 62133"
        ],
        "section": "topic-standards-stationary",
        "definition": "The safety standard for portable sealed cells and batteries, part 2 covering lithium systems. Passing it is a basic requirement for consumer products, and it is often the first safety certification a new cell obtains.",
        "related": [
          "ul-1642",
          "transport-regulations",
          "consumer-electronics",
          "iec-62619",
          "iec-61960-3",
          "cb-scheme"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/iec-62133/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:traceability",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Traceability",
      "properties": {
        "id": "traceability",
        "name": "Traceability",
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "Recording for each cell which material lots, machines and process conditions produced it, so a field failure can be traced to a batch and a recall limited to it. The EU battery passport extends this record to the cell’s whole life.",
        "related": [
          "battery-passport",
          "yield",
          "end-of-line-testing",
          "iso-management-systems"
        ],
        "example": {
          "title": "Connect records to identity",
          "text": "A cell record can link its material lots and electrode rolls. A lot identifier joins records; it is not a measured quality value."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/traceability/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    }
  ]
}