{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:mixer-settler",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Mixer-settler",
    "properties": {
      "id": "mixer-settler",
      "name": "Mixer-settler",
      "section": "topic-recycling",
      "definition": "The working unit of solvent extraction: a chamber where the aqueous solution and the organic extractant are stirred together, and a settler where they separate again by density. Plants run banks of them in series, one bank per metal, with more for stripping the metal back out of the organic.",
      "related": [
        "solvent-extraction",
        "raffinate",
        "pregnant-leach-solution"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/mixer-settler/",
      "mentions": []
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:belongsTo/term:mixer-settler/topic:topic-recycling",
      "source": "term:mixer-settler",
      "target": "topic:topic-recycling",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:mixer-settler/term:solvent-extraction",
      "source": "term:mixer-settler",
      "target": "term:solvent-extraction",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:mixer-settler/term:raffinate",
      "source": "term:mixer-settler",
      "target": "term:raffinate",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:mixer-settler/term:pregnant-leach-solution",
      "source": "term:mixer-settler",
      "target": "term:pregnant-leach-solution",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-recycling",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Recycling and end of life",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-recycling",
        "name": "Recycling and end of life",
        "lede": "What happens to a battery after its first life: reuse, and the recycling routes that recover its materials, step by step.",
        "context": "Distinguish recovered material from a qualified product.",
        "example": "High mass recovery alone does not establish battery-grade purity or refining energy demand.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-production/",
        "lesson_label": "Open process context"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:solvent-extraction",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Solvent extraction",
      "properties": {
        "id": "solvent-extraction",
        "name": "Solvent extraction",
        "abbr": "SX",
        "aka": [
          "liquid–liquid extraction",
          "Cyanex 272",
          "D2EHPA"
        ],
        "section": "topic-recycling",
        "definition": "Separating metals in the leach liquor by contacting it with an organic phase carrying an extractant that picks up one metal at a time, controlled by pH: manganese, then cobalt, then nickel, leaving lithium in the water. It is how recyclers reach battery-grade sulfates.",
        "related": [
          "leaching",
          "precipitation",
          "crystallisation",
          "hydrometallurgy",
          "raffinate",
          "mixer-settler"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/solvent-extraction/",
        "mentions": [
          "cobalt",
          "pregnant-leach-solution",
          "manganese"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:raffinate",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Raffinate",
      "properties": {
        "id": "raffinate",
        "name": "Raffinate",
        "section": "topic-recycling",
        "definition": "The aqueous solution left after solvent extraction has taken out the target metals. In battery recycling it carries the lithium, which is recovered from it last by evaporation and precipitation.",
        "related": [
          "solvent-extraction",
          "mixer-settler",
          "lithium-recovery",
          "bleed-stream"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/raffinate/",
        "mentions": [
          "recycling",
          "precipitation"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:pregnant-leach-solution",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Pregnant leach solution",
      "properties": {
        "id": "pregnant-leach-solution",
        "name": "Pregnant leach solution",
        "abbr": "PLS",
        "section": "topic-recycling",
        "aka": [
          "leach liquor"
        ],
        "definition": "The solution that leaves the leach carrying the dissolved metals: lithium, nickel, cobalt and manganese, with copper, iron and aluminium as impurities. It is filtered from the leach residue and purified before the metals are separated.",
        "related": [
          "leaching",
          "lixiviant",
          "impurity-removal",
          "solvent-extraction",
          "filter-press"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/pregnant-leach-solution/",
        "mentions": [
          "cobalt",
          "manganese"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}