{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:oxygen-recombination",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Oxygen recombination",
    "properties": {
      "id": "oxygen-recombination",
      "name": "Oxygen recombination",
      "aka": [
        "oxygen cycle",
        "recombinant cycle",
        "internal recombination"
      ],
      "section": "topic-electrochemistry",
      "definition": "The internal cycle that lets sealed nickel and valve-regulated lead–acid cells tolerate overcharge: oxygen evolved at the positive electrode diffuses to the negative and reacts back to water, so the excess charge ends as heat instead of gas. It is why NiMH can take a C/10 trickle charge and lithium-ion, which has no such route, cannot.",
      "related": [
        "vrla",
        "nickel-metal-hydride",
        "trickle-charge",
        "overcharge",
        "dt-dt-termination"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/oxygen-recombination/",
      "mentions": [
        "electrode",
        "positive-electrode"
      ]
    }
  },
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      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
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      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:oxygen-recombination/term:vrla",
      "source": "term:oxygen-recombination",
      "target": "term:vrla",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
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    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:oxygen-recombination/term:nickel-metal-hydride",
      "source": "term:oxygen-recombination",
      "target": "term:nickel-metal-hydride",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:oxygen-recombination/term:trickle-charge",
      "source": "term:oxygen-recombination",
      "target": "term:trickle-charge",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:oxygen-recombination/term:overcharge",
      "source": "term:oxygen-recombination",
      "target": "term:overcharge",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:oxygen-recombination/term:dt-dt-termination",
      "source": "term:oxygen-recombination",
      "target": "term:dt-dt-termination",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/oxygen-recombination/electrode",
      "source": "term:oxygen-recombination",
      "target": "term:electrode",
      "type": "mentions",
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        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
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      "id": "edge:mentions/oxygen-recombination/positive-electrode",
      "source": "term:oxygen-recombination",
      "target": "term:positive-electrode",
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    {
      "id": "topic:topic-electrochemistry",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Electrochemistry fundamentals",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-electrochemistry",
        "name": "Electrochemistry fundamentals",
        "lede": "The reactions and potentials that make a cell a battery.",
        "context": "Connect reaction sites and transport paths.",
        "example": "A circuit can predict terminal voltage while leaving electrode potentials and reaction kinetics unresolved.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-anatomy/",
        "lesson_label": "Open cell anatomy"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:vrla",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Valve-regulated lead–acid",
      "properties": {
        "id": "vrla",
        "name": "Valve-regulated lead–acid",
        "abbr": "VRLA",
        "aka": [
          "sealed lead–acid",
          "SLA",
          "AGM",
          "gel battery"
        ],
        "section": "topic-other-chemistries",
        "definition": "A lead–acid battery whose electrolyte is immobilised in glass-fibre mats (AGM) or a gel, with a pressure valve instead of open vents, so it can be used in any orientation without maintenance. It recombines the gases of overcharge internally.",
        "related": [
          "lead-acid",
          "flooded-lead-acid",
          "sulfation",
          "auxiliary-battery"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/vrla/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrolyte",
          "overcharge"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:nickel-metal-hydride",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Nickel–metal hydride battery",
      "properties": {
        "id": "nickel-metal-hydride",
        "name": "Nickel–metal hydride battery",
        "abbr": "NiMH",
        "section": "topic-other-chemistries",
        "definition": "A 1.2 V aqueous cell with a nickel hydroxide positive electrode and a hydrogen-absorbing alloy negative. It powered hybrid cars for two decades and is tolerant of abuse, but lithium-ion stores two to three times more energy per kilogram.",
        "related": [
          "hybrid-vehicle",
          "memory-effect",
          "specific-energy",
          "bipolar-battery",
          "nickel-hydrogen",
          "lsd-nimh"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/nickel-metal-hydride/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "positive-electrode"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:trickle-charge",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Trickle and float charging",
      "properties": {
        "id": "trickle-charge",
        "name": "Trickle and float charging",
        "aka": [
          "float charge",
          "float charging",
          "trickle charge"
        ],
        "section": "topic-charging",
        "definition": "Holding a battery at a small current, or a fixed voltage, to keep it full. It is standard for lead–acid and NiMH but harmful for lithium-ion, which should be left to rest once charged; lithium-ion chargers instead top up when the voltage sags.",
        "related": [
          "lead-acid",
          "overcharge",
          "calendar-aging",
          "slow-charging",
          "oxygen-recombination"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/trickle-charge/",
        "mentions": [
          "nickel-metal-hydride"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:overcharge",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Overcharge",
      "properties": {
        "id": "overcharge",
        "name": "Overcharge",
        "section": "topic-charging",
        "definition": "Charging past the upper cutoff voltage. The positive electrode over-delithiates and releases oxygen, the electrolyte oxidises and lithium plates on the negative, so an unprotected overcharge can end in thermal runaway.",
        "related": [
          "cutoff-voltage",
          "thermal-runaway",
          "bms",
          "overcharge-test",
          "electrolyte-decomposition"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/overcharge/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "positive-electrode",
          "electrolyte"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:dt-dt-termination",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "dT/dt termination",
      "properties": {
        "id": "dt-dt-termination",
        "name": "dT/dt termination",
        "aka": [
          "ΔT/Δt termination",
          "temperature-rise termination",
          "rate-of-temperature-rise termination"
        ],
        "section": "topic-charging",
        "definition": "Ending a nickel-cell fast charge when the temperature climbs faster than a set rate, typically about 1 °C per minute, because once the cell is full the charge no longer stored chemically turns into heat. It needs a thermistor against the cells and a charge rate of roughly 0.5C or more to produce a clear rise.",
        "related": [
          "charge-termination",
          "negative-delta-v",
          "temperature-sensor",
          "nickel-metal-hydride",
          "oxygen-recombination"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/dt-dt-termination/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:electrode",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electrode",
      "properties": {
        "id": "electrode",
        "name": "Electrode",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "A solid conductor where the cell’s reaction happens, in contact with the electrolyte. A lithium-ion cell has a negative electrode and a positive electrode, each a porous coating on a metal foil.",
        "related": [
          "negative-electrode",
          "positive-electrode",
          "porous-electrode",
          "current-collector"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#components",
        "example": {
          "title": "Two transport paths",
          "text": "Electrons need connected solid paths to the collector; ions need electrolyte paths to reaction sites. More of one constituent displaces others at fixed volume."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electrode/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrolyte",
          "coating"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:positive-electrode",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Positive electrode",
      "properties": {
        "id": "positive-electrode",
        "name": "Positive electrode",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "The electrode at the higher potential: a lithium metal oxide or phosphate coated on aluminium foil. It is the lithium source when a cell is built, and industry calls it the cathode.",
        "related": [
          "cathode",
          "cathode-active-material",
          "negative-electrode",
          "aluminium-foil"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#anode-cathode",
        "example": {
          "title": "Polarity and reaction",
          "text": "The positive electrode retains its polarity label while its electrochemical reaction reverses between charge and discharge."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/positive-electrode/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}