{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:refresh-charge",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Refresh charge",
    "properties": {
      "id": "refresh-charge",
      "name": "Refresh charge",
      "aka": [
        "topping charge",
        "storage recharge",
        "freshening charge"
      ],
      "section": "topic-charging",
      "definition": "A charge given periodically to a battery in storage, to replace what self-discharge has taken before the voltage falls far enough to cause damage. Lead–acid typically needs one every three to six months and lithium-ion stored at 30–50 % every six to twelve months, while standard NiMH loses so much that it is simply recharged before use.",
      "related": [
        "self-discharge",
        "storage-soc",
        "lead-acid",
        "trickle-charge",
        "lsd-nimh"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/refresh-charge/",
      "mentions": [
        "nickel-metal-hydride"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:belongsTo/term:refresh-charge/topic:topic-charging",
      "source": "term:refresh-charge",
      "target": "topic:topic-charging",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:refresh-charge/term:self-discharge",
      "source": "term:refresh-charge",
      "target": "term:self-discharge",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:refresh-charge/term:storage-soc",
      "source": "term:refresh-charge",
      "target": "term:storage-soc",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:refresh-charge/term:lead-acid",
      "source": "term:refresh-charge",
      "target": "term:lead-acid",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:refresh-charge/term:trickle-charge",
      "source": "term:refresh-charge",
      "target": "term:trickle-charge",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:refresh-charge/term:lsd-nimh",
      "source": "term:refresh-charge",
      "target": "term:lsd-nimh",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/refresh-charge/nickel-metal-hydride",
      "source": "term:refresh-charge",
      "target": "term:nickel-metal-hydride",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-charging",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Charging and discharging",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-charging",
        "name": "Charging and discharging",
        "lede": "How current goes in and comes out, and the limits that stop it.",
        "context": "Separate regulation from availability.",
        "example": "The same CC–CV law can operate overnight or during a short depot stop.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/",
        "lesson_label": "Open charging quantities"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:self-discharge",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Self-discharge",
      "properties": {
        "id": "self-discharge",
        "name": "Self-discharge",
        "section": "topic-charging",
        "definition": "The slow loss of stored charge while a cell is not in use. An unexpected rise can signal a leakage path or a soft internal short.",
        "unit": "%/month",
        "related": [
          "internal-short-circuit",
          "calendar-aging",
          "k-value",
          "calendar-life",
          "self-discharge-test"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/battery-aging/#check-yourself",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/self-discharge/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrolyte-leakage"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:storage-soc",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Storage state of charge",
      "properties": {
        "id": "storage-soc",
        "name": "Storage state of charge",
        "section": "topic-aging",
        "definition": "The state of charge at which a cell is kept when idle. Calendar aging rises with SOC because the negative electrode sits at a lower, more reactive potential, so cells are shipped and stored at 30–50 % rather than full.",
        "unit": "%",
        "related": [
          "calendar-aging",
          "state-of-charge",
          "shipping-soc"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/battery-aging/#storage-soc",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/storage-soc/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "negative-electrode"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:lead-acid",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Lead–acid battery",
      "properties": {
        "id": "lead-acid",
        "name": "Lead–acid battery",
        "section": "topic-other-chemistries",
        "definition": "The oldest rechargeable chemistry, lead and lead dioxide electrodes in sulfuric acid, at 2 V per cell. Heavy and short-lived in deep cycling but cheap, recyclable and good at cold cranking, it still starts most cars and backs up most telecom sites.",
        "related": [
          "nominal-voltage",
          "recycling",
          "specific-energy"
        ],
        "lesson": "labs/battery-materials-lab/#bml-market",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/lead-acid/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:trickle-charge",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Trickle and float charging",
      "properties": {
        "id": "trickle-charge",
        "name": "Trickle and float charging",
        "aka": [
          "float charge",
          "float charging",
          "trickle charge"
        ],
        "section": "topic-charging",
        "definition": "Holding a battery at a small current, or a fixed voltage, to keep it full. It is standard for lead–acid and NiMH but harmful for lithium-ion, which should be left to rest once charged; lithium-ion chargers instead top up when the voltage sags.",
        "related": [
          "lead-acid",
          "overcharge",
          "calendar-aging",
          "slow-charging",
          "oxygen-recombination"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/trickle-charge/",
        "mentions": [
          "nickel-metal-hydride"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:lsd-nimh",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Low self-discharge NiMH",
      "properties": {
        "id": "lsd-nimh",
        "name": "Low self-discharge NiMH",
        "abbr": "LSD NiMH",
        "aka": [
          "pre-charged NiMH",
          "ready-to-use NiMH",
          "hybrid NiMH"
        ],
        "section": "topic-other-chemistries",
        "definition": "Nickel–metal hydride cells with an improved separator and hydrogen-storage alloy that keep roughly 70–85 % of their charge after a year, where standard NiMH can lose that much in a few months. They are sold charged and ready to use, at the cost of somewhat lower capacity, and since their launch in 2005 have become most of the NiMH market.",
        "related": [
          "nickel-metal-hydride",
          "self-discharge",
          "refresh-charge",
          "iec-61951"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/lsd-nimh/",
        "mentions": [
          "separator"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:nickel-metal-hydride",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Nickel–metal hydride battery",
      "properties": {
        "id": "nickel-metal-hydride",
        "name": "Nickel–metal hydride battery",
        "abbr": "NiMH",
        "section": "topic-other-chemistries",
        "definition": "A 1.2 V aqueous cell with a nickel hydroxide positive electrode and a hydrogen-absorbing alloy negative. It powered hybrid cars for two decades and is tolerant of abuse, but lithium-ion stores two to three times more energy per kilogram.",
        "related": [
          "hybrid-vehicle",
          "memory-effect",
          "specific-energy",
          "bipolar-battery",
          "nickel-hydrogen",
          "lsd-nimh"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/nickel-metal-hydride/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "positive-electrode"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}