{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:rs-232-rs-485",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "RS-232 and RS-485",
    "properties": {
      "id": "rs-232-rs-485",
      "name": "RS-232 and RS-485",
      "aka": [
        "RS-232",
        "RS-485",
        "EIA-232",
        "EIA-485",
        "TIA-485"
      ],
      "section": "topic-data",
      "definition": "Two electrical standards for serial links. RS-232 is single-ended and point-to-point, with ±3 to ±15 V signals over up to about 15 m; RS-485 is differential and multidrop, carrying up to 32 standard loads over about 1 200 m of twisted pair. Stationary batteries and inverters commonly run Modbus over RS-485.",
      "related": [
        "modbus",
        "uart",
        "can-bus",
        "stationary-storage"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/rs-232-rs-485/",
      "mentions": []
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:belongsTo/term:rs-232-rs-485/topic:topic-data",
      "source": "term:rs-232-rs-485",
      "target": "topic:topic-data",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:rs-232-rs-485/term:modbus",
      "source": "term:rs-232-rs-485",
      "target": "term:modbus",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:rs-232-rs-485/term:uart",
      "source": "term:rs-232-rs-485",
      "target": "term:uart",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:rs-232-rs-485/term:can-bus",
      "source": "term:rs-232-rs-485",
      "target": "term:can-bus",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:rs-232-rs-485/term:stationary-storage",
      "source": "term:rs-232-rs-485",
      "target": "term:stationary-storage",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-data",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Data, communication and electronics",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-data",
        "name": "Data, communication and electronics",
        "lede": "The control units, chips, protocols and file formats through which a battery is measured, controlled and logged.",
        "context": "Separate quantities from encoding and transport.",
        "example": "2500 in a log might mean 25.00 °C, 2.5 V or raw counts. Units and scale must accompany the value.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/battery-basics/",
        "lesson_label": "Open battery basics"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:modbus",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Modbus",
      "properties": {
        "id": "modbus",
        "name": "Modbus",
        "section": "topic-pack",
        "definition": "A simple industrial register-based protocol, over serial RS-485 or TCP, that stationary storage systems use between battery, inverter and site controller. It is old, open and universally supported, which is why it survives in grid equipment.",
        "related": [
          "can-bus",
          "energy-management-system",
          "stationary-storage",
          "inverter"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/modbus/",
        "mentions": [
          "power-plant-controller",
          "rs-232-rs-485"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:uart",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "UART",
      "properties": {
        "id": "uart",
        "name": "UART",
        "aka": [
          "universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter",
          "serial port",
          "TTL serial"
        ],
        "section": "topic-data",
        "definition": "The simple asynchronous serial link found on almost every microcontroller: one transmit and one receive line, no shared clock, both ends set to the same baud rate such as 115 200 bit/s. BMS boards use it for debugging and firmware loading and, through an RS-232 or RS-485 transceiver, over longer cables.",
        "related": [
          "rs-232-rs-485",
          "mcu",
          "firmware",
          "i2c"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/uart/",
        "mentions": [
          "bms"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:can-bus",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "CAN bus",
      "properties": {
        "id": "can-bus",
        "name": "CAN bus",
        "aka": [
          "Controller Area Network",
          "ISO 11898"
        ],
        "section": "topic-pack",
        "definition": "The serial network over which a BMS talks to the vehicle or inverter: a two-wire differential bus, defined in ISO 11898, carrying short prioritised messages at up to 1 Mbit/s, or faster with CAN FD. Every node hears every message, and a dominant bit wins arbitration without any collision.",
        "related": [
          "can-high-low",
          "can-fd",
          "termination-resistor",
          "bms",
          "lin-bus",
          "fms-interface"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/can-bus/",
        "mentions": [
          "inverter"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:stationary-storage",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Stationary storage",
      "properties": {
        "id": "stationary-storage",
        "name": "Stationary storage",
        "abbr": "BESS",
        "aka": [
          "battery energy storage system",
          "ESS"
        ],
        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "Batteries installed in a fixed place — a container at a solar farm, a cabinet in a home — to shift energy in time or support the grid. LFP cells dominate because cost per cycle and safety matter more than mass.",
        "related": [
          "lfp",
          "energy-management-system",
          "inverter",
          "energy-arbitrage",
          "long-duration-storage",
          "ul-9540a"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/stationary-storage/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    }
  ]
}