{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:un-model-regulations",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "UN Model Regulations and Manual of Tests and Criteria",
    "properties": {
      "id": "un-model-regulations",
      "name": "UN Model Regulations and Manual of Tests and Criteria",
      "aka": [
        "Orange Book",
        "UN Model Regulations",
        "Manual of Tests and Criteria",
        "ST/SG/AC.10/1",
        "ST/SG/AC.10/11"
      ],
      "section": "topic-standards-vehicle",
      "definition": "The two UN documents on which every dangerous-goods rule is built. The Model Regulations, the ‘Orange Book’, classify goods and set packing, marking and documentation, revised every two years; the Manual of Tests and Criteria gives the test methods, including sub-section 38.3 for lithium and sodium-ion batteries. Air, sea, road and rail rules all adopt them.",
      "related": [
        "transport-regulations",
        "iata-dgr",
        "imdg-code",
        "adr-rid-adn",
        "icao-technical-instructions",
        "un-38-3-test-summary"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/un-model-regulations/",
      "mentions": []
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:belongsTo/term:un-model-regulations/topic:topic-standards-vehicle",
      "source": "term:un-model-regulations",
      "target": "topic:topic-standards-vehicle",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:un-model-regulations/term:transport-regulations",
      "source": "term:un-model-regulations",
      "target": "term:transport-regulations",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:un-model-regulations/term:iata-dgr",
      "source": "term:un-model-regulations",
      "target": "term:iata-dgr",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:un-model-regulations/term:imdg-code",
      "source": "term:un-model-regulations",
      "target": "term:imdg-code",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:un-model-regulations/term:adr-rid-adn",
      "source": "term:un-model-regulations",
      "target": "term:adr-rid-adn",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:un-model-regulations/term:icao-technical-instructions",
      "source": "term:un-model-regulations",
      "target": "term:icao-technical-instructions",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:un-model-regulations/term:un-38-3-test-summary",
      "source": "term:un-model-regulations",
      "target": "term:un-38-3-test-summary",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-standards-vehicle",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Vehicle and transport standards",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-standards-vehicle",
        "name": "Vehicle and transport standards",
        "lede": "The regulations and standards a vehicle battery must meet to be approved, and the rules for shipping batteries by road, sea and air.",
        "context": "Check issuing organization, edition, scope and market.",
        "example": "Shipping tests and vehicle battery approval tests address different uses; passing one does not automatically satisfy another.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/battery-basics/",
        "lesson_label": "Open battery basics"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:transport-regulations",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "UN 38.3",
      "properties": {
        "id": "transport-regulations",
        "name": "UN 38.3",
        "aka": [
          "UN transport test",
          "lithium battery shipping"
        ],
        "section": "topic-standards-vehicle",
        "definition": "The United Nations test sequence that every lithium cell and battery must pass before it can be shipped: altitude, thermal cycling, vibration, shock, external short, impact or crush, overcharge and forced discharge. Air shipment of cells also caps state of charge at 30 %.",
        "related": [
          "shipping-soc",
          "abuse-testing",
          "iec-62133",
          "altitude-simulation-test",
          "un-38-3-test-summary",
          "forced-discharge-test"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/transport-regulations/",
        "mentions": [
          "overcharge",
          "state-of-charge"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:iata-dgr",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations",
      "properties": {
        "id": "iata-dgr",
        "name": "IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations",
        "abbr": "DGR",
        "aka": [
          "IATA DGR",
          "packing instruction 965"
        ],
        "section": "topic-standards-vehicle",
        "definition": "The airline industry’s manual for shipping dangerous goods by air, built on the ICAO Technical Instructions and reissued every year. Lithium batteries fall under packing instructions 965–967 for lithium-ion — alone, packed with or inside equipment — and 968–970 for lithium metal. Lithium-ion batteries shipped alone must be at no more than 30 % state of charge; from 2026 so must those packed with equipment above 2.7 Wh.",
        "related": [
          "transport-regulations",
          "shipping-soc",
          "imdg-code",
          "adr-rid-adn",
          "cfr-49",
          "iec-62281"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/iata-dgr/",
        "mentions": [
          "state-of-charge",
          "icao-technical-instructions"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:imdg-code",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "IMDG Code",
      "properties": {
        "id": "imdg-code",
        "name": "IMDG Code",
        "aka": [
          "International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code"
        ],
        "section": "topic-standards-vehicle",
        "definition": "The IMO’s code for carrying packaged dangerous goods by sea, mandatory under the SOLAS convention since 2004 and amended every two years. It sets how lithium and sodium-ion batteries are classified, packed, stowed and segregated on ships; amendment 42-24, mandatory from 2026, added separate entries for lithium-ion, lithium-metal and sodium-ion battery-powered vehicles.",
        "related": [
          "transport-regulations",
          "iata-dgr",
          "adr-rid-adn",
          "damaged-battery-transport",
          "sodium-ion"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/imdg-code/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:adr-rid-adn",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "ADR, RID and ADN",
      "properties": {
        "id": "adr-rid-adn",
        "name": "ADR, RID and ADN",
        "aka": [
          "ADR",
          "RID",
          "ADN"
        ],
        "section": "topic-standards-vehicle",
        "definition": "The international agreements for carrying dangerous goods by road (ADR, under UNECE), rail (RID, under OTIF) and inland waterway (ADN), revised together every two years in line with the UN Model Regulations. They set how lithium cells and batteries are classified, packed, marked and documented on land; the rules for damaged or defective batteries sit in special provisions 376 and 377.",
        "related": [
          "damaged-battery-transport",
          "transport-regulations",
          "imdg-code",
          "iata-dgr",
          "iec-62281"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/adr-rid-adn/",
        "mentions": [
          "un-model-regulations"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:icao-technical-instructions",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "ICAO Technical Instructions",
      "properties": {
        "id": "icao-technical-instructions",
        "name": "ICAO Technical Instructions",
        "abbr": "ICAO TI",
        "aka": [
          "Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air"
        ],
        "section": "topic-standards-vehicle",
        "definition": "The legally binding international rules for carrying dangerous goods by air, issued every two years by the International Civil Aviation Organization under Annex 18 of the Chicago Convention. The IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations restate them with airline variations and some stricter rules — IATA withdrew Section II for lithium batteries shipped alone ahead of ICAO.",
        "related": [
          "iata-dgr",
          "un-model-regulations",
          "iata-section-ia-ib-ii",
          "transport-regulations"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/icao-technical-instructions/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:un-38-3-test-summary",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "UN 38.3 test summary",
      "properties": {
        "id": "un-38-3-test-summary",
        "name": "UN 38.3 test summary",
        "aka": [
          "lithium battery test summary",
          "test summary document"
        ],
        "section": "topic-standards-vehicle",
        "definition": "A standard document, defined in paragraph 38.3.5 of the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, that the maker or distributor of a lithium cell or battery must make available to show it has passed UN 38.3. Required since 2020, it lists the manufacturer, test laboratory, report number and date, a description of the cell or battery, the tests passed and the edition tested to.",
        "related": [
          "transport-regulations",
          "un-model-regulations",
          "iata-dgr",
          "cfr-49"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/un-38-3-test-summary/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    }
  ]
}