{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:weee-directive",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "WEEE Directive",
    "properties": {
      "id": "weee-directive",
      "name": "WEEE Directive",
      "aka": [
        "Directive 2012/19/EU",
        "Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive",
        "WEEE"
      ],
      "section": "topic-sustainability",
      "definition": "The EU law on waste electrical and electronic equipment, Directive 2012/19/EU, which makes producers finance the collection and recycling of discarded devices and sets collection and recovery targets. Batteries taken out of that equipment fall under battery law instead — now the 2023 Battery Regulation, which also requires most portable batteries to be user-removable from 2027.",
      "related": [
        "eu-battery-regulation",
        "extended-producer-responsibility",
        "rohs",
        "recycling"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/weee-directive/",
      "mentions": []
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:belongsTo/term:weee-directive/topic:topic-sustainability",
      "source": "term:weee-directive",
      "target": "topic:topic-sustainability",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:weee-directive/term:eu-battery-regulation",
      "source": "term:weee-directive",
      "target": "term:eu-battery-regulation",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:weee-directive/term:extended-producer-responsibility",
      "source": "term:weee-directive",
      "target": "term:extended-producer-responsibility",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:weee-directive/term:rohs",
      "source": "term:weee-directive",
      "target": "term:rohs",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:weee-directive/term:recycling",
      "source": "term:weee-directive",
      "target": "term:recycling",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-sustainability",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Supply chain and regulation",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-sustainability",
        "name": "Supply chain and regulation",
        "lede": "Where the materials come from, what a battery’s carbon footprint is, and the rules that govern it from mine to market.",
        "context": "Keep boundaries, dates, geography and units.",
        "example": "Carbon footprints can be compared only with compatible boundaries and functional units.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-production/",
        "lesson_label": "Open production context"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:eu-battery-regulation",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "EU Battery Regulation",
      "properties": {
        "id": "eu-battery-regulation",
        "name": "EU Battery Regulation",
        "aka": [
          "Regulation (EU) 2023/1542"
        ],
        "section": "topic-sustainability",
        "definition": "The European law, in force since 2023, that governs batteries over their whole life: carbon-footprint declarations, recycled-content minimums, due diligence on raw materials, performance and durability requirements, removability, the battery passport and collection and recycling targets.",
        "related": [
          "battery-passport",
          "carbon-footprint",
          "recycling",
          "due-diligence",
          "critical-raw-materials",
          "eu-battery-directive"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/eu-battery-regulation/",
        "mentions": [
          "collection-target"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:extended-producer-responsibility",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Extended producer responsibility",
      "properties": {
        "id": "extended-producer-responsibility",
        "name": "Extended producer responsibility",
        "abbr": "EPR",
        "section": "topic-sustainability",
        "definition": "The principle, in the EU Battery Regulation and its predecessor, that whoever first places a battery on the market pays for its collection and recycling at end of life. Producers register nationally, report volumes and fund the collection schemes.",
        "related": [
          "eu-battery-regulation",
          "eu-battery-directive",
          "recycling",
          "collection-target"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/extended-producer-responsibility/",
        "mentions": [
          "end-of-life"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:rohs",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "RoHS",
      "properties": {
        "id": "rohs",
        "name": "RoHS",
        "aka": [
          "Directive 2011/65/EU",
          "Restriction of Hazardous Substances"
        ],
        "section": "topic-sustainability",
        "definition": "The EU directive restricting ten substances in electrical and electronic equipment — lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, two families of brominated flame retardants and four phthalates — to 0.1 % by weight of each homogeneous material, 0.01 % for cadmium. Batteries themselves fall under battery law instead, but the chargers and devices around them must comply.",
        "related": [
          "reach",
          "eu-battery-regulation",
          "conformity-assessment",
          "eu-battery-directive",
          "weee-directive"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/rohs/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:recycling",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Battery recycling",
      "properties": {
        "id": "recycling",
        "name": "Battery recycling",
        "section": "topic-recycling",
        "definition": "Recovering lithium, nickel, cobalt, copper and aluminium from end-of-life cells and production scrap. Scrap is today’s main feedstock; vehicle returns will dominate in the 2030s, and regulation now sets minimum recovery rates.",
        "related": [
          "black-mass",
          "hydrometallurgy",
          "pyrometallurgy",
          "direct-recycling",
          "eu-battery-regulation",
          "collection-target"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/recycling/",
        "mentions": [
          "cobalt",
          "production-scrap"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}